Critical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White...

------------------------------------------------- Critical Reading of Literature in English Critical Analysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have been seriously considered in Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†. Ernest Hemingway is a great writer, he worked as a reporter after graduated from high school and continued this career on and off for the rest of his life. He†¦show more content†¦The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building.† (Hemingway, E, 1927). The setting is in a railway station â€Å"between two lines of rails in the sun† in Spain. On one side the land is dry and desolate, but the other side has trees and grain. Hemingway divided the outside natural environment landscape setting in half to reflect the inner landscapes of the relationship. Furthermore, the contrast between the white hills and barren valley highlighted the dichotomy between life and death, fertility and sterility, and mirrors the choice Jig faces between to do abortion or not to do abortion. (SparkNotes Editors, 2007) Hemingway is good at using the word â€Å"know† in a humorous and complex way. During the argument between Jig and the American, â€Å"‘I love you now. You know I love you.’ ‘I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you’ll like it?’ ‘I’ll love it. I love it now but I just can’t think about it. You know how I get when I worry.’† (Hemingway, E, 1927) The conversations are fundamentally about Jig and the American talk about their relationship, but through the abstract above we can feel that the American’s language overpowers Jig’s. â€Å"‘Doesn’t it mean anything to you? We could get along.’ ‘Of course it does. But I don’t want anybody but you. I don’t want anyone else. And I know it’s perfectly simple.’ ‘Yes, you know it’sShow MoreRelated Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead Moreâ€Å"the Lottery† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Regardless of the type of society people live in controversial topics and cowardly individuals can create conflict. The stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway implement this concept. â€Å"The Lottery† is about a small town that holds an annual lottery in which the winner will be killed. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is the story of a couple’s discussion over the decision they must make of whether orRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants923 Words   |  4 PagesMikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be anRead MoreEssay about Modernism: Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1578 Words   |  7 Pagesfree the restricted human spirit. It had no trust in the moral conventions and codes of the past. One of the examples of modernism, that breaks the conventions and traditions of literature prior to Modernism, is Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. The short story uses plot, symbolism, setting, dialogue, and a new style of writing to allow human spirit to experiment with meaning and interpretation. Some of the characteristics of Modernism are: a desire to break conventionsRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, a Theme Analysis Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemmingway uses time, place, and symbolism in Hills like White Elephants to intensify the central dilemma in a story about a man and a woman deciding on whether to go through with an abortion. Although a literal reading of the title may not seem to have any relation to the story, the title is rich in implications. Critics suggest that Hills refers to the shape of a womans stomach when pregnant, and Websters 21st Century Dictionary defines white elephant as: [An] awkward, useless possessionRead MoreHemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagesfeel in the best and simplest way† (E. Hemingway, Brainy Quote). It is evident that this is why Ernest Hemingway writes the literary pieces he writes. Hemingway proves this by writing his short story, Hills Like White Elephants. Hemingway al so quoted, â€Å"I never had to choose a subject - my subject rather chose me† (E. Hemingway, QuotesPedia). This also relates to Hemingway composing Hills Like White Elephants along with many of his other works. Hemingway refers to past events in his life in hisRead MoreThe Many Styles Of Ernest Hemingway1768 Words   |  8 Pages The Many Styles of Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway is well known throughout American literature for his unique style of writing, which contributed greatly to the overall effect and meaning of his stories. Before writing short stories, Hemingway was a journalist, which is where he adopted many of his unique techniques of writing. While writing as a journalist, Hemingway tended to write pieces that contained brief, choppy sentences and were generally minimalistic andRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway2013 Words   |  9 PagesErnest Hemingway was a towering figure in 20th century American literature, known mostly for his larger-than-life persona and for his simple, declarative style of writing. The latter arguably won him a Nobel Prize, and also influenced possibly an entire generation of aspiring writers who came after him. Hemingway’s short and economical style is perhaps best displayed in his earlier work, most notably in his short stories, and one of his earliest, and most famous, short stories is â€Å"Hills Like WhiteRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Bill Gates The Computer Industry - 1351 Words

Bill Gates is worth about 79.2 Billion US dollars, at his peak 101 Billion US dollars. Bill Gates is a computer programmer, entrepreneur who took the computer industry by storm. He formed the company Microsoft and made it a leading computer corporation within ten years of opening for business. Bill Gates later stopped working full time at Microsoft and focused on his Foundation called Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill Gates is an amazing and interesting person to know about. Bill Gates was born to a lawyer and a teacher. He was born on October 28, 1955. He grew up in an upper-middle class family and had one older sister and one younger sister. He excelled in games such as Monopoly and Risk. Around the age 13, Bill Gates grew fond of computers and what they can do. This happened due to a Seattle computer company giving computer time to his school. Later on, he met Paul Allen where they became the bests of friends. Though they were both quite remarkably different, such as Paul be ing shy and reserved while Bill was fierce and combative at times, they both shared the same interests in computers. Around age 15, the two of them started using the computer glitches in the computers to their advantage. They later were caught and were banned from the computer labs for a while. After the ban they offered to debug the program in return for computer time. Later, Paul and Bill created a program that monitored traffic patterns in Seattle which netted about 20,000 dollars. BillShow MoreRelatedBill Gates : The World s Prime Software Business1606 Words   |  7 Pages William Henry Gates; who is well known as Bill Gates was born on 28th of Oct, 1955, in Washington. In age of 13 Gates started showing curiosity in computer programming when he was at Lakeside school and pursued his passion through college. Striking out on his own with his friend and business partner Paul Allen, Gates found himself at the right place at the right time. Through technological modernization, strong business strategy and aggressive business tactics, he built the world s prime softwareRead More Bill Gates Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates William Henry Gates, III was born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He was the middle child of three born to William and Mary Gates. ATrey,@ as he was called because of the III, was sent to a private school by his father, a lawyer, and mother, a former teacher now on several prestigous boards (Moritz, 238). At age 13, Bill had completely taught himself programming after taking a computer studies class. After scoring a perfect 800 on the mathematics half of the SAT, he graduatedRead MoreBill Gates Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates We read books for a number of reasons but usually because we want to or we have to. When you pick up a book it falls into one of three types, dependent on whether it is a want to or a have to type of book. First theres the kind of book you pick up and like the look of but then the first chapter is so bad that you have to put it down because you are either too confused by the plot or you discover it has been written in some obscure untranslatable language. The second type is whereRead MoreBill Gates and How the World Was Effected by His Accomplishments1203 Words   |  5 PagesBill Gates How he effected the world with his accomplishments William Bill Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. He accomplished many unbelievable things, and highly influenced the people around him in many ways. In University, Bill Gates was known to be the smart computer nerd, who totally amazed all of his friends with his knowledge. One of the people that he had influenced the most was Steve Ballmer, current Microsoft s Chief Executive Officer, whose room was down the hall from BillRead MoreBill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee: Their Contributions to Information Technology and the IT Industry1671 Words   |  7 PagesBill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee: Their Contributions to Information Technology and the IT Industry Nowadays, information technology is playing a significant role in human’s life. Actually, it has only been developing for several decades. In fact, there are two key men who contribute greatly for this process. They are Bill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee. This essay will explain their contribution to IT and its industry and discuss it in several aspects. There remain several differences betweenRead MoreBill Gates and Microsoft1662 Words   |  7 PagesBill Gates and Microsoft â€Å"Microsoft was founded based on my vision of a personal computer on every desk and in every home, all running Microsoft software,† Bill Gates once remarked (Stevenson). Everyone has their own dream but this was Bill Gates dream when he first co-founded Microsoft. This dream came to haunt him 12 years later when he was caught. Microsoft was charged with using its power to eliminate its competitor in the Web-browser market in the mid-90s (Stevenson). Bill Gates’ dreamsRead MoreEssay about Bill Gates869 Words   |  4 PagesBill Gates William Henry Gates, also known as â€Å"Bill†, has established himself as the richest man in the world. He is the youngest self made billionaire, and perhaps the best businessman in the world. As you read along, you will learn what Bill Gates’ accomplishments were, what his beliefs were, and why this topic is so important. Bill Gates is important because not only did he change the computer technology in America, he also became the biggest, strongest, richest and the most powerful companyRead More Bill Gates and how the world was effected by his accomplishments1166 Words   |  5 Pages Bill Gates How he effected the world with his accomplishments nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;William Bill Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. He accomplished many unbelievable things, and highly influenced the people around him in many ways. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In University, Bill Gates was known to be the â€Å"smart computer nerd,† who totally amazed all of his friends with his knowledge. One of the people that he had influenced the most was Steve Ballmer, current Microsoft’s Chief ExecutiveRead MoreEssay about Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft554 Words   |  3 Pagesbest know as the co-founder CEO of Apple Computer and somewhat less so for his leadership of Pixar which is a computer animation studio. On the other hand, Bill Gates (born in Seattle, Washington on the 28th of October 1955) is married to Melinda French Gates and has three children. Bill Gates is the co-founder and current Chairman and Chief Software Architect of Microsoft. Both started their careers almost at the same time and within the same industry. They are without a doubt two of the most successfulRead MoreHow Bill Gates Siezed his Dreams1399 Words   |  6 Pages The founder of Microsoft, the world’s large st personal-computer software company, found interest in computers and the way they worked at a very young age. As a high school student, he was able to accomplish many feats on some rudimentary machines that pale in comparison to what he would come to develop. The friends he possessed throughout his learning stage have stayed with him to create an empire in the computer software industry. This man excelled at school, but seized his dream of starting his

The Boundaries Between Romantic Friendship and Erotic Love...

The Boundaries Between Romantic Friendship and Erotic Love A man who kissed or embraced an intimate male friend in bed did not worry about homosexual impulses because he did not assume that he had them. In the Victorian language of touch, a kiss or an embrace was a pure gesture of deep affection at least as much as it was an act of sexual expression, says Anthony Rotundo, attempting to define the boundaries between romantic friendship and erotic love, in relation to same gender friendships, in the late nineteenth century (Miller 4). Same gender relationships could exist on a physical level, expressing affection, without bringing up questions of sexual preference. Further, F.S. Ryman, a gentleman in his twenties, wrote of the very†¦show more content†¦Culturally, this type of behavior had no definite wrong or abnormal connotation strapped to it. As Neil Miller describes, In the 1870s, a concept of homosexual identity--or of gay and lesbian community--was barely articulated (Miller xvii). In America, the idea of homosexual love was beyond societal understanding. Prior to the introduction of homosexuality people were free to care about each other on levels without the constraints of any insecurity base on a the possibility of getting a label. While the concept of homosexuality did not exist in the United States, changes were happening in Europe with the issue. Right around the 1870s affectionate relationships between males acquired a label. It was the sexologists#8230; who were to define same-sex love, to give it a name. The term homosexuality was actually used for the first time in 1869 by Karl Maria Kertbeny, a German-Hungarian campaigner for the abolition of Prussias laws that criminalized sexual relations between men. Homosexuality was not the only term that the late nineteenth century found to describe sexual relations between persons of the same sex. The term inversion was even more widely used. And in 1870, the German physician Karl Westphal invented the phrase contrary sexual feeling, in detailing the history of a young lesbian. These expressions all had aShow MoreRelatedThe Rights Of Female Sexuality1626 Words   |  7 Pagesstrict morals that defined the Puritan Commonwealth, and his court became characterized by its licentiousness and extravagant spending. While men during the period enjoyed the libertine culture that was introduced, women continued to be restrained by boundaries that had constricted their s ocial and sexual freedom for centuries. Aphra Behn, the first woman in England to identify as a professional writer, challenged sexual inequality by reforming the female image through literature. She addresses themesRead More Shakespeares As You Like It - Rosalind and Celia Essay3116 Words   |  13 Pageswell represented as the nature and dynamics of the relationship between Rosalind and Celia. Among other topics are cross dressing or female transvestism and male self-fashioning, which extrapolates on the mode of dress being an identity. A feminist view on Shakespeare examines the poets defense of virtue in the play. Quite a few articles focus on Rosalind alone. These varyingly discuss Rosalind in relation to gender issues, romantic power, eroticism, specific performances of actresses portrayingRead MoreShakespeare s Twelfth Night ( C. 1600-01 )2907 Words   |  12 Pageswith the nature of love, gender role and the intricate comic and tragic experiences of love. The characters ha ve multiple layers of gender roles and sexual attractions which makes the issue of gender identity more complex. For example, Viola, the heroine of the play is dressed as a male, Cesario, throughout most of the play. As a male, Viola woos Olivia for Orsino, resulting in Olivia falling in love with Viola-as-Cesario. At the same time, Viola, dressed as a man, falls in love with Orsino. STATUSRead MoreEssay on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Critical Analysis3103 Words   |  13 Pagesthat this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master writers only write successfully. Shakespeare proves here to be a master writer. Critics find it a task to explain the intricateness of the play, audiences find it very pleasing to read and watch. quot;A Midsummer Nights Dreamquot; is a comedy combining elements of love, fairies, magic, and dreams. ThisRead MoreSocial Networking and Human Relationships Essay2293 Words   |  10 Pagesnetworks having a detrimental effect on our relationships? The meaning of the word relationship can have an abundance of different meanings, however for this research essay one will be focusing on three different types of relationships; Romantic and sexual, friendship and the relationship with ones self. For human beings, the need the socialise is possessed by many and â€Å"Facebook is quickly becoming one of the most popular tools for social communication† (Ross, C. et al, 2000). Read MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pagestheir heads: If the first erotic bond is to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual force in the general feminist reorientation to sexual matters in recent years, and her conception of a lesbian continuum sparked especially intense debate. Does lesbianism incorporate all support systems and intense interactions among women, or is it a specifically erotic choice? What is gainedRead MoreBrazil Culture17445 Words   |  70 PagesInformations about Brazil 2- ) Economic Indicators 3-) Some Important Portugese Words BRAZIL Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America; and the fifth largest in the world in both area and population. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it is the easternmost country of America and borders every other South American country other than Ecuador and Chile (viz. Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, SurinameRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesEmilio drink water that you know will cause a disease, but it is clearly negative, and the probability of this consequence is 100 percent; that is, it is certain to occur if you tell Emilio you are sick. In addition, if Emilio finds out, then your friendship with him might end. This is also a negative, and one that is likely to occur, but then again Emilio might never find out what you’ve done. Finally, there is one more consequence worth considering: If Juanita finds out you broke your promise to

The Middle Of The 16th Century - 1571 Words

The Truth: It was the middle of the 16th century in Europe, during this period of time Church and religion as a whole were the center of all life. As the Pope’s power increased in everyday life Christians began to feel as if the church was becoming corrupt. As a result reformers suggested that scripture, not the clergy, should be the basis of guidance in the lives of Christians. This was one of the first times where they began to question the authority of the Pope. In 1543, King Henry felt as if he had had enough and it was time to make a change within the Church. That meant separating from the Catholic Church and forming the Church of England. Due to the fact that he truly was the one in power, by law all citizens were obliged to join this new Church. On the contrary although many believed that a split was necessary there was a group of reformers who believed that there conflict was with a secular power dictating their spiritual life and not with the pope. These reformers also referred to as non-conformists became known as the Puritans. This group of peoples’ main goal was to purify the Church of England and the only way this would be nearly possible is if they left England. The Puritans established their own branch of Catholicism and because they were being ridiculed in their home country they decided it was best they make the journey to the â€Å"New World†. At this point in our history the â€Å"New World† represented freedom and opportunity that was not present in England.Show MoreRelatedEducation in the 16th Century955 Words   |  4 PagesEducation in the 16th Century Emily Kastl Mrs. Stafford English 1 Honors March 20th 2013 According to dictionary.reference.com education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life, but to people in the 16th century education was the practice of learning skills for the future. Education in the 16th century was very different thanRead MoreQuestions On The Renaissance And The Middle Ages1054 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between the Renaissance and the Middle Ages that are mentioned in this section of the text? One major similarity between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is the lack of Classical Culture, characterized by darkness that caused the Middle Ages. Although the Renaissance was known as a â€Å"rebirth†, later historians explained that the rebirth of Greco-Roman society in Italy had no Classical culture in it, which is why both the Renaissance and the Middle Ages are known as the dark age. DespiteRead MoreCompare And Contrast Social Class In 16th Century England1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthan it was in 16th century England. Although there are some slight differences in these two social classes, the social classes of 16th century England are shockingly similar to the social classes of modern day America. Specifically, the six social classes during the 16th century in England were Monarchy, Nobility, Gentry, Merchants, Yeomanry, and Laborers (McNulty). A person’s social class was determined by popularity, economic status, ability, and birth (McNulty). In the 16th century, English peopleRead MoreCauses Of European Exploration754 Words   |  4 Pagesseverely limiting trade with the Middle East, especially China and India. Furthermore, Venice and the Ottoman Empire established a monopoly over trade, which irritated Europe and sparked their desire to reconnect with the East and restore direct trade relations with Asia. Europe’s desire to discover alternate trade routes in order to participate in Asian silk and spice trades was ultimately a primary cause for European exploration and conquest during the 15th and 16th centuries. Secondarily, Europe’s intentionRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance Renaissance is the period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts. The Renaissance began in 14th-century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages, with its agricultural economy and church-dominated intellectual and cultural life, was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and lay patronageRead MoreEssay on The Early Renaissance559 Words   |  3 Pageswith the Early Renaissance at the start of the 15th century. As time has progressed, things have modified within societies to mold with the new ways of thinking for that time. Between the years of the 1400s and the 1800s this world has undergone many changes. Focusing on Europe, the major forces of change were in politics, economics, and religion. In modern European history political effort were supplied by the state. Early in the 15th century political warfare was the theme of everyday lifeRead More Madonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman827 Words   |  4 Pagesart since prehistoric times. Women have been a sign of hope, downfall, and power. This image of women was most powerful during the Renaissance. A cultural revival or rebirth occurred during the 15th and 16th century in Europe. The economic growth of the 14th century created a prosperous middle class. This allowed more of the mass to invest their income. Patronage of the arts soon became very fashionable as did religious faith1. As a result, women were portrayed as the Madonna, Eve or a saint. ThisRead MoreWitchcraft1717 Words   |  7 PagesDruga gimnazija Sarajevo IB World School Middle Years Programme HISTORY Reformation in Europe in 16th century ------------------------------------------------- Witchcraft WORD COUNT 1138 Sarajevo, October 2012 Action Plan For this essay I choose to write about witchcraft in the 16th and 17th century since I find the topic extremely interesting the write about. 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The Domostroi, a Russian manual for household management written in the mid-16th century, says that parents who love their children ought to whip them in order that they might grow up to be a joy rather than a burden. Those who discipline their children and provide them with a good education will reap the benefits (Document 3). Although in the 16th century, Russia was considered â€Å"backwards† by most of Western Europe, the same disciplinary principle can be seen in

Western Influence on Chinese Music free essay sample

China has long been the cultural hub of Asia, and has had the longest amount of contact of any Asian country with other Western countries. Ever since the Silk Road was established, China has been trading with other Western countries and exchanging aspects of their cultures with one another. One of these aspects is music. But how exactly has Western music influenced Chinese music? In order to understand this, we must look at the history of Western encounters with China in terms of music. European music was flirts introduced into China during the thirteenth century, which was part of the Yuan dynasty of China.Catholic missionaries introduced Western music to the Chinese imperial court. Soon, the Chinese imperial court was hiring these missionaries as music teachers. However, Western music was confined to the Imperial courts and wasnt made public to the general Chinese population until the nineteenth century. That was when Chinese students began studying overseas In Japan and Europe, where they first learned about Western music. After that, they returned to China and began spreading their knowledge of Western music. During the twentieth century, many Western musicians and composers came toShanghai to perform and spread their style of music. Chinese musicians associated Western music with the superiority of Western science and technology, and they embraced this music. This led to the transformation of traditional Chinese music Into the modern Chinese music that we see today. With the arrival of Western music to China during the twentieth century, several new music genres emerged. One of them was Chinese popular music, which started in Shanghai in the sass. It was based on big band Western Jazz style, which was a popular style of music in Shanghai at that time.Its founder, Lie Jinni, created an early arm of Chinese pop music called shiatsu, which Is a mixture of Chinese folk music and European jazz music. This style of music was popularized by a Shanghai-style pop singer called Chou Guan, also known as the golden voice. She and the Chinese pop music industry flourished in China until the sass, when the Communist regime led by Mao took over. Pop music was replaced with revolutionary music with government propaganda, which caused the pop industry to move to Taiwan and Hong Kong.This new musical presence in Hong Kong indirectly led to the creation of Cantonese popular music, also known as Cantonal. Cantonal is a style of popular music that emerged during the sass. It was influenced by Western folk rock music of the sass, and is set up in a rock band layout with heavy use of electronic instruments, such as the electric guitar and synthesizer. Perhaps the most famous Cantonal singer of all time, Teresa Tang, emerged during the sass. Her music touched the hearts of people all over the just supporting government propaganda to include expressing individual emotions. Since then, many Cantonese pop singers have emerged and this genre remains famous even today. While some musicians used Western genres, such as Western pop music and Jazz, s the basis of their music, other musicians stuck with the traditional Chinese music style while adding Western elements to it. Due to the popularity of Western music in China, the popularity of traditional Chinese music diminished, and many traditional Chinese musicians were afraid that traditional music would eventually fade away. Their solution to this problem was to modernize traditional Chinese music.Some of the ways they did this was to compose individual solos for traditional Chinese instruments and to compose music with Chinese elements for Western ensembles. This was the beginning of Chinese contemporary music. The founder of this style of music is Chou Went-Chunk, who was a Chinese composer that based his compositions on the Western avian-garden music style. Instead of Just using Chinese musical elements like the pentatonic scale and the folk song melody, he used elements of Chinese tradition, folklore, and history in his compositions.He was a very influential composer of Chinese contemporary music, and many composers of the New Wave went to the United States to study with him in Columbia University. The New Wave composers were composers like Chou that studied the Western avian-garden style, ND they emerged after the fall of the Gang of Four in China, during that period when the Gang of Four banned many Chinese and Western instruments. The most famous of these composers, Tan Dun, produced many famous compositions that mixed Chinese and Western elements together, one of which was the soundtrack for the Chinese movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.This resulted in his score winning an Academy award and a Grammar award, and launched the popularity of his music worldwide. While Chinese contemporary musicians utilized many Western instrument s, such as the violin and the clarinet, none of these instruments made an impact on Chinese sic as much as the piano. When it was introduced, the Chinese were fascinated by it. Its construction, tuning system, and international appeal represented the superiority of European technology. They viewed it as a way of being modern and participating in the advanced fine arts of Europe.It became a symbol of high social class in China. A huge market emerged for pianos, and the popularity of the piano led to Chinese composers writing many piano pieces. A Russian composer and pianist named Alexander Deciphering came to China, and he also wrote many piano pieces there and popularized it. He helped lead the way for modern Chinese piano pieces, and he performed at the National Conservatory and taught many aspiring Chinese composers and musicians, including composer He Eluting.He Eluting won a composition competition sponsored by Alexander Deciphering, and went on to become a famous piano composer who composed pieces that incorporated Chinese elements. Since then, many famous Chinese pianists have emerged and won many major international competitions. A recent example today would be Lang Lang, who is Chicago symphony in 1999. Since then, he has been performing for orchestras all ever the world, and most recently in June 2012 he performed at the Bucking Palace. As you can see, Western music has had a huge impact on Chinese music.New genres such as Cantonal and Shanghai pop based on Western music styles have emerged, and traditional Chinese music has been modernized with Western elements. Western instruments such as the violin and piano were introduced to China, and have become important instruments in Chinese music. The Western elements of composing individual solos for instruments and composing for orchestras were also adopted into Chinese music, and have helped China develop its national music. Also, the Chinese adopted the use of printed music, the standardization of the score and tuning, and Western style performance venues.

Corporate Governance Good Governance Practices

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance for Good Governance Practices. Answer: Introduction: In this report, we discuss the corporate governance and effect of good governance practices on companies listed on ASX. We study in detail about the family firms which are listed on ASX and Governance practices followed by the family firms and their impact on the companys performance. We also discuss in brief about the composition of the board in the family firms. In last we conclude, the report by discussing the applicability of principles and recommendations on listed companies but controlled by the members of the family. Corporate Governance: Corporate governance is a very broad term and covers many components in its ambit. According to the ASX corporate governance set out the rules and processes by which the company can manage its authorities and day to day functions of its management. It is a framework through which company keep the check on its officers and management. It creates the mechanism in the company through which performance of the company and its members are held accountable. Good Corporate governance increases the confidence of the investor in the company. ASX establish a council in August 2002, for the development of Principles and Recommendations of corporate governance. Later on, this council issued a second edition in 2007 and in 2010 new principles related to remuneration committee was added. After the release of the second edition corporations from all over the world realize the importance of corporate governance. After the review in 2012-2013, members of the council decide to issue a third edition. For the development of principles and recommendations, many experts are brought together by the council such as many industry groups, shareholders of companies, etc. These principles and recommendations were introduced by the council in 2003. These principles are applied to the companies which are listed on ASX. Applicability of these principles depends on the listing status of the company, if the company is listed on ASX then these principles and recommendations applied to the company. Following are the principles and recommendations provided by the Council: Lay solid foundations for management and oversight Structure the board to add value Act ethically and responsibly Safeguard integrity in corporate reporting Make timely and balanced disclosure Respect the rights of security holders Recognize and manage risk Remunerate fairly and responsibly Note: Council gives 29 recommendations to give effect to the general principles and also provide comments regarding both principles and the recommendations[1]. ASX claim that principles and recommendations are provided to increase the accountability of company. In this study, we determine the applicability of principals and recommendations on listed companies. ASX require that listed entities compare their governance practices with the principles and recommendations issued by the council. If they are not performing as per recommendations issued by the council then they have to disclose the reason in the annual report of the company[2]. ASX principles do not increase the financial performance and earning capacity in case of small companies listed on ASX. Usually, large companies get the benefit in financial terms by performing good governance practices. In case of large companies, there is a relation between the earning capacity and governance practices. Good governance practice directly impacts the financial performance of the company[3]. Before discussing the impact of Corporate Governance Practices on family firms which are listed on ASX, it is necessary to understand the definition and meaning of family firms. In research, it was found that in every 300 listed companies, 47% of companies are controlled by the families. We can identify a listed company which is controlled by family members in two ways: A major part of the board is represented by the family members. At least 4-5% voting stock is in the hands of family members. There are less number of definitions are founded of family business, related to the capital market. A business can be considered as family business where member of family is working at senior management level of the company[4]. A listed company which is controlled by the members of the family requires a careful assessment of the working of directors. If the management of the listed company includes family members, and the company has nonfamily investors then in such case need of careful assessment of directors duties increased. There are number of family firms which are listed on ASX with nonfamily shareholders. Corporate governance practices of the family firms depend on the composition of its board. In firms which are not managed by family members, independent directors hold 61.2% share on the board of the company and in family firms 43.9%. In family firms, 20% share of the board is held by the family members. In case of family firms, if board consists higher number of independent directors then it would be considered good performance of the company in field of corporate Governance[5]. In some cases, the family members present on the board or their representatives affect the interest of minority shareholders. Major shareholders are capable to placing the directors on the board of the company. Therefore the role of independent directors in the company is very important. It is important for the public companies that there board consist a mix of both independent and non-independent directors, and directors of the company are held liable for their performance[6]. Conclusion: In last we can conclude that corporate governance principles are very important for the companies, no matter whether they are family firms or nonfamily firms. ASX requires that company follow the principles and recommendations issued by the Council and in the case of non performance, reason for non performance must be disclose in the annual report of the company. A listed company which is controlled by the members of the family requires a careful assessment of the working of directors. Corporate governance practices of the family firms depend on the composition of its board. In last we talk about the independent directors and their share in board of the company. References: ASX,chapter 4; periodic disclosure https://www.asx.com.au/documents/rules/Chapter04.pdf. ASX,Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations https://www.asx.com.au/documents/asx-compliance/cgc-principles-and-recommendations-3rd-edn.pdf. Deborah A. DeMott, independent directors in family influenced public companies. Jacqueline Christensena, Pamela Kenta, James Routledgea, and Jenny Stewartb, Do corporate governance recommendations improve the Nicholas A. Mroczkowski and George Tanewski, Delineating Publicly Listed Family and Nonfamily Controlled Firms: An Approach for Capital Market Research in Australia*, (2007) 45(3)320-332 performance and accountability of small listed companies (2015) Accounting and Finance 55 133164. Robert S. Karmel, Is the Independent Director Model Broken. (2013) Brooklyn law school legal studies.